{"id":394,"date":"2025-07-21T19:51:42","date_gmt":"2025-07-21T23:51:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/?page_id=394"},"modified":"2025-09-28T00:17:31","modified_gmt":"2025-09-28T04:17:31","slug":"6-0","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/en\/data8\/6-0\/","title":{"rendered":"Cap\u00edtulo 6"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"position: relative\">\n<div style=\"float: left;width: 300px;background-color: #f5f5f5;border: 1px solid #ddd;border-radius: 5px;padding: 15px;margin-right: 20px;margin-bottom: 5px;overflow: hidden\">\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 10px 0;padding-bottom: 8px;border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd\">\u00cdndice<\/h3>\n<ol style=\"margin: 0;padding-left: 0;list-style-type: none\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 5px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/1-0\/\">1. O que \u00e9 Ci\u00eancia de Dados?<\/a>\n<ul style=\"margin: 5px 0 5px 15px;padding-left: 10px;list-style-type: none;border-left: 1px solid #ddd\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/1-0\/1-1\/\">1.1. Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a>\n<ul style=\"margin: 5px 0 5px 15px;padding-left: 10px;list-style-type: none;border-left: 1px solid #ddd\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/1-0\/1-1\/1-1\/\">1.1.1. Ferramentas Computacionais<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/1-0\/1-1\/1-2\/\">1.1.2. T\u00e9cnicas Estat\u00edsticas<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/1-0\/1-2\/\">1.2. Por que Ci\u00eancia de Dados?<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/1-0\/1-3\/\">1.3. Tra\u00e7ando os Cl\u00e1ssicos<\/a>\n<ul style=\"margin: 5px 0 5px 15px;padding-left: 10px;list-style-type: none;border-left: 1px solid #ddd\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/1-0\/1-3\/3-1\/\">1.3.1. Personagens Liter\u00e1rios<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/1-0\/1-3\/3-2\/\">1.3.2. Outro Tipo de Personagem<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 5px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/2-0\/\">2. Causalidade e Experimentos<\/a>\n<ul style=\"margin: 5px 0 5px 15px;padding-left: 10px;list-style-type: none;border-left: 1px solid #ddd\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/2-0\/2-1\/\">2.1. John Snow e a Bomba da Broad Street<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/2-0\/2-2\/\">2.2. O &#8220;Grande Experimento&#8221; de Snow<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/2-0\/2-3\/\">2.3. Estabelecendo Causalidade<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/2-0\/2-4\/\">2.4. Randomiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/2-0\/2-5\/\">2.5. Notas Finais<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 5px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/3-0\/\">3. Progamando em Python<\/a>\n<ul style=\"margin: 5px 0 5px 15px;padding-left: 10px;list-style-type: none;border-left: 1px solid #ddd\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/3-0\/3-1\/\">3.1. Express\u00f5es<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/3-0\/3-2\/\">3.2. Nomes<\/a>\n<ul style=\"margin: 5px 0 5px 15px;padding-left: 10px;list-style-type: none;border-left: 1px solid #ddd\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/3-0\/3-2\/2-1\/\">3.2.1. Exemplo: Taxas de Crescimento<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/3-0\/3-3\/\">3.3. Chamadas<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/3-0\/3-4\/\">3.4. Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s Tabelas<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 5px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/4-0\/\">4. Tipos de Dados<\/a>\n<ul style=\"margin: 5px 0 5px 15px;padding-left: 10px;list-style-type: none;border-left: 1px solid #ddd\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/4-0\/4-1\/\">4.1. N\u00fameros<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/4-0\/4-2\/\">4.2. Strings<\/a>\n<ul style=\"margin: 5px 0 5px 15px;padding-left: 10px;list-style-type: none;border-left: 1px solid #ddd\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/4-0\/4-2\/2-1\/\">4.2.1. M\u00e9todos de Strings<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/4-0\/4-3\/\">4.3. Compara\u00e7\u00f5es<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 5px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/5-0\/\">5. Sequ\u00eancias<\/a>\n<ul style=\"margin: 5px 0 5px 15px;padding-left: 10px;list-style-type: none;border-left: 1px solid #ddd\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/5-0\/5-1\/\">5.1. Arrays<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/5-0\/5-2\/\">5.2. Ranges<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/5-0\/5-3\/\">5.3. Mais sobre Arrays<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 5px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/6-0\/\">6. Tabelas<\/a>\n<ul style=\"margin: 5px 0 5px 15px;padding-left: 10px;list-style-type: none;border-left: 1px solid #ddd\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/6-0\/6-1\/\">6.1. Ordenando Linhas<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/6-0\/6-2\/\">6.2. Selecionando Linhas<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/6-0\/6-3\/\">6.3. Exemplo: Tend\u00eancias Populacionais<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/6-0\/6-4\/\">6.4. Examplo: Propor\u00e7\u00f5es de Sexos<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 5px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/7-0\/\">7. Visualiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a>\n<ul style=\"margin: 5px 0 5px 15px;padding-left: 10px;list-style-type: none;border-left: 1px solid #ddd\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/7-0\/7-1\/\">7.1. Visualizando Distribui\u00e7\u00f5es<br \/>\nCateg\u00f3ricas<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/7-0\/7-2\/\">7.2. Visualizando Distribui\u00e7\u00f5es Num\u00e9ricas<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/7-0\/7-3\/\">7.3. Gr\u00e1ficos Sobrepostos<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 5px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/8-0\/\">8. Fun\u00e7\u00f5es e Tabelas<\/a>\n<ul style=\"margin: 5px 0 5px 15px;padding-left: 10px;list-style-type: none;border-left: 1px solid #ddd\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/8-0\/8-1\/\">8.1. Aplicando Fun\u00e7\u00e3o a uma Coluna<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/8-0\/8-2\/\">8.2. Classificando por uma Vari\u00e1vel<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/8-0\/8-3\/\">8.3. Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o Cruzada<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/8-0\/8-4\/\">8.4. Unindo Tabelas por Colunas<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/8-0\/8-5\/\">8.5. Compartilhamento de Bicicletas<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 5px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/9-0\/\">9. Aleatoriedade<\/a>\n<ul style=\"margin: 5px 0 5px 15px;padding-left: 10px;list-style-type: none;border-left: 1px solid #ddd\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/9-0\/9-1\/\">9.1. Declara\u00e7\u00f5es Condicionais<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/9-0\/9-2\/\">9.2. Itera\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/9-0\/9-3\/\">9.3. Simula\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/9-0\/9-4\/\">9.4. O Problema de Monty Hall<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/9-0\/9-5\/\">9.5. Encontrando Probabilidades<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 5px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/10-0\/\">10. Amostragem e Distribui\u00e7\u00f5es Emp\u00edricas<\/a>\n<ul style=\"margin: 5px 0 5px 15px;padding-left: 10px;list-style-type: none;border-left: 1px solid #ddd\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/10-0\/10-1\/\">10.1. Distribui\u00e7\u00f5es Emp\u00edricas<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/10-0\/10-2\/\">10.2. Amostragem de uma Popula\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/10-0\/10-3\/\">10.3. Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o Emp\u00edrica de uma<br \/>\nEstat\u00edstica<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/10-0\/10-4\/\">10.4. Amostragem Aleat\u00f3ria em Python <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 5px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/11-0\/\">11. Testando Hip\u00f3teses<\/a>\n<ul style=\"margin: 5px 0 5px 15px;padding-left: 10px;list-style-type: none;border-left: 1px solid #ddd\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/11-0\/11-1\/\">11.1. Avaliando um Modelo<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/11-0\/11-2\/\">11.2. M\u00faltiplas Categorias<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/11-0\/11-3\/\">11.3. Decis\u00f5es e Incertezas<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/11-0\/11-4\/\">11.4. Probabilidades de Erro<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 5px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/12-0\/\">12. Comparando Duas Amostras<\/a>\n<ul style=\"margin: 5px 0 5px 15px;padding-left: 10px;list-style-type: none;border-left: 1px solid #ddd\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/12-0\/12-1\/\">12.1. Teste A\/B<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/12-0\/12-2\/\">12.2. Causalidade<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/12-0\/12-3\/\">12.3. Esvaziar<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 5px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/13-0\/\">13. Estima\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a>\n<ul style=\"margin: 5px 0 5px 15px;padding-left: 10px;list-style-type: none;border-left: 1px solid #ddd\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/13-0\/13-1\/\">13.1. Percentis<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/13-0\/13-2\/\">13.2. O Bootstrap<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/13-0\/13-3\/\">13.3. Intervalos de Confian\u00e7a<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/13-0\/13-4\/\">13.4. Usando Intervalos de Confian\u00e7a<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 5px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/14-0\/\">14. Por que a M\u00e9dia \u00e9 Importante<\/a>\n<ul style=\"margin: 5px 0 5px 15px;padding-left: 10px;list-style-type: none;border-left: 1px solid #ddd\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/14-0\/14-1\/\">14.1. Propriedades da M\u00e9dia<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/14-0\/14-2\/\">14.2. Variabilidade<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/14-0\/14-3\/\">14.3. O DP e a Curva Normal<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/14-0\/14-4\/\">14.4. Teorema Central do Limite<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/14-0\/14-5\/\">14.5. Variabilidade da M\u00e9dia da Amostra<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/14-0\/14-6\/\">14.6. Escolhendo um Tamanho de Amostra<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 5px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/15-0\/\">15. Previs\u00e3o<\/a>\n<ul style=\"margin: 5px 0 5px 15px;padding-left: 10px;list-style-type: none;border-left: 1px solid #ddd\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/15-0\/15-1\/\">15.1. Correla\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/15-0\/15-2\/\">15.2. Linha de Regress\u00e3o<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/15-0\/15-3\/\">15.3. M\u00e9todo dos M\u00ednimos Quadrados<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/15-0\/15-4\/\">15.4. Regress\u00e3o de M\u00ednimos Quadrados<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/15-0\/15-5\/\">15.5. Diagn\u00f3sticos Visuais<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 3px\"><a style=\"padding: 2px 0\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/15-0\/15-6\/\">15.6. Diagn\u00f3stico Num\u00e9rico<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- Main Content --><\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow: hidden\">\n<p><!--###########################################################################################################################################################--><\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">import numpy as np\r\nnp.set_printoptions(threshold=50)\r\npath_data = '..\/..\/assets\/data\/'<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<h1 id=\"tabelas\" style=\"text-align: center\">Tabelas<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Tabelas s\u00e3o um tipo fundamental de objeto para representar conjuntos de dados. Uma tabela pode ser vista de duas maneiras:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li>uma sequ\u00eancia de colunas nomeadas que descrevem cada aspecto de todas as entradas em um conjunto de dados, ou<\/li>\n<li>uma sequ\u00eancia de linhas que cont\u00eam todas as informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre uma \u00fanica entrada em um conjunto de dados.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Para usar tabelas, importe todo o m\u00f3dulo chamado <code>datascience<\/code>, um m\u00f3dulo criado para este texto.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">from datascience import *<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Tabelas vazias podem ser criadas usando a fun\u00e7\u00e3o <code>Table<\/code>. Uma tabela vazia \u00e9 \u00fatil porque pode ser estendida para conter novas linhas e colunas.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">Table()<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">O m\u00e9todo <code>with_columns<\/code> em uma tabela constr\u00f3i uma nova tabela com colunas adicionais rotuladas. Cada coluna de uma tabela \u00e9 um array. Para adicionar uma nova coluna a uma tabela, chame <code>with_columns<\/code> com um r\u00f3tulo e um array. (O m\u00e9todo <code>with_column<\/code> pode ser usado com o mesmo efeito.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Abaixo, come\u00e7amos cada exemplo com uma tabela vazia que n\u00e3o tem colunas.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">Table().with_columns('Number of petals', make_array(8, 34, 5))<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0;border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Number of petals<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">34<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Para adicionar duas (ou mais) novas colunas, forne\u00e7a o r\u00f3tulo e o array para cada coluna. Todas as colunas devem ter o mesmo comprimento, ou ocorrer\u00e1 um erro.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">Table().with_columns(\r\n    'Number of petals', make_array(8, 34, 5),\r\n    'Name', make_array('lotus', 'sunflower', 'rose')\r\n)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0;border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Number of petals<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Name<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">lotus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">34<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">sunflower<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">rose<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Podemos dar um nome a esta tabela e, em seguida, estender a tabela com outra coluna.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">flowers = Table().with_columns(\r\n    'Number of petals', make_array(8, 34, 5),\r\n    'Name', make_array('lotus', 'sunflower', 'rose')\r\n)\r\n\r\nflowers.with_columns(\r\n    'Color', make_array('pink', 'yellow', 'red')\r\n)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0;border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Number of petals<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Name<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Color<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">lotus<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">pink<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">34<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">sunflower<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">yellow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">rose<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">red<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">O m\u00e9todo <code>with_columns<\/code> cria uma nova tabela cada vez que \u00e9 chamado, ent\u00e3o a tabela original n\u00e3o \u00e9 afetada. Por exemplo, a tabela <code>flowers<\/code> ainda tem apenas as duas colunas que tinha quando foi criada.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">flowers<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0;border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Number of petals<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Name<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">lotus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">34<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">sunflower<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">5<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">rose<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Criar tabelas dessa maneira envolve muita digita\u00e7\u00e3o. Se os dados j\u00e1 tiverem sido inseridos em algum lugar, geralmente \u00e9 poss\u00edvel usar o Python para l\u00ea-los em uma tabela, em vez de digit\u00e1-los c\u00e9lula por c\u00e9lula.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Muitas vezes, as tabelas s\u00e3o criadas a partir de arquivos que cont\u00eam valores separados por v\u00edrgula. Esses arquivos s\u00e3o chamados de arquivos CSV.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Abaixo, usamos o m\u00e9todo <code>read_table<\/code> da Tabela para ler um arquivo CSV que cont\u00e9m alguns dos dados usados por Minard em seu gr\u00e1fico sobre a campanha russa de Napole\u00e3o. Os dados s\u00e3o colocados em uma tabela chamada <code>minard<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">minard = Table.read_table(path_data + 'minard.csv')\r\nminard<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0;border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Longitude<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Latitude<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">City<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Direction<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Survivors<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">32<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Smolensk<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">145000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">33.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.9<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Dorogobouge<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">140000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">34.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Chjat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">127100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">37.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Moscou<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">100000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">34.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Wixma<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">32<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Smolensk<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">24000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">30.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Orscha<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">20000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">26.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Moiodexno<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">12000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Usaremos esta pequena tabela para demonstrar alguns m\u00e9todos \u00fateis da Tabela. Em seguida, usaremos esses mesmos m\u00e9todos e desenvolveremos outros m\u00e9todos de tabelas com muito maiores e com muito mais dados.<\/p>\n<h2>O Tamanho da Tabela<\/h2>\n<p>O m\u00e9todo <code>num_columns<\/code> fornece o n\u00famero de colunas na tabela, e <code>num_rows<\/code> o n\u00famero de linhas.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">minard.num_columns<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-spacing: 0;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;color: #888;padding-right: 0.5em\">Out[1]:<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">minard.num_rows<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-spacing: 0;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;color: #888;padding-right: 0.5em\">Out[1]:<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>R\u00f3tulos de Colunas<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">O m\u00e9todo <code>labels<\/code> pode ser usado para listar os r\u00f3tulos de todas as colunas. Com <code>minard<\/code>, n\u00e3o ganhamos muito com isso, mas pode ser muito \u00fatil para tabelas t\u00e3o grandes que nem todas as colunas s\u00e3o vis\u00edveis na tela.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">minard.labels<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-spacing: 0;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;color: #888;padding-right: 0.5em\">Out[1]:<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">(&#8216;Longitude&#8217;, &#8216;Latitude&#8217;, &#8216;City&#8217;, &#8216;Direction&#8217;, &#8216;Survivors&#8217;)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Podemos alterar os r\u00f3tulos das colunas usando o m\u00e9todo <code>relabeled<\/code>. Isso cria uma nova tabela e deixa <code>minard<\/code> inalterada.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">minard.relabeled('City', 'City Name')<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0;border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Longitude<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Latitude<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">City Name<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Direction<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Survivors<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">32<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Smolensk<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">145000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">33.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.9<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Dorogobouge<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">140000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">34.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Chjat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">127100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">37.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Moscou<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">100000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">34.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Wixma<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">32<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Smolensk<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">24000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">30.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Orscha<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">20000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">26.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Moiodexno<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">12000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>No entanto, este m\u00e9todo n\u00e3o altera a tabela original.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">minard<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0;border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Longitude<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Latitude<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">City<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Direction<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Survivors<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">32<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Smolensk<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">145000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">33.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.9<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Dorogobouge<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">140000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">34.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Chjat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">127100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">37.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Moscou<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">100000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">34.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Wixma<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">32<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Smolensk<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">24000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">30.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Orscha<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">20000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">26.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Moiodexno<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">12000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Um padr\u00e3o comum \u00e9 atribuir o nome original <code>minard<\/code> \u00e0 nova tabela, para que todos os usos futuros de <code>minard<\/code> se refiram \u00e0 tabela com os r\u00f3tulos alterados.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">minard = minard.relabeled('City', 'City Name')\r\nminard<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0;border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Longitude<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Latitude<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">City Name<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Direction<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Survivors<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">32<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Smolensk<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">145000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">33.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.9<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Dorogobouge<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">140000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">34.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Chjat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">127100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">37.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Moscou<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">100000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">34.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Wixma<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">32<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Smolensk<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">24000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">30.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Orscha<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">20000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">26.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Moiodexno<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">12000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Acessando os Dados em um Coluna<\/h2>\n<p>Podemos usar o r\u00f3tulo de uma coluna para acessar a matriz de dados da coluna.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">minard.column('Survivors')<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-spacing: 0;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;color: #888;padding-right: 0.5em\">Out[1]:<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">array([145000, 140000, 127100, 100000, 55000, 24000, 20000, 12000])<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">As 5 colunas s\u00e3o indexadas 0, 1, 2, 3 e 4. A coluna <code>Survivors<\/code> tamb\u00e9m pode ser acessada usando seu \u00edndice de coluna.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">minard.column(4)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-spacing: 0;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;color: #888;padding-right: 0.5em\">Out[1]:<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">array([145000, 140000, 127100, 100000, 55000, 24000, 20000, 12000])<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Os 8 itens na matriz s\u00e3o indexados 0, 1, 2 e assim por diante, at\u00e9 7. Os itens na coluna podem ser acessados usando <code>item<\/code>, como acontece com qualquer matriz.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">minard.column(4).item(0)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-spacing: 0;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;color: #888;padding-right: 0.5em\">Out[1]:<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">145000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">minard.column(4).item(5)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-spacing: 0;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;color: #888;padding-right: 0.5em\">Out[1]:<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">24000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Trabalhando com os Dados em uma Coluna<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Como as colunas s\u00e3o matrizes, podemos usar opera\u00e7\u00f5es de matriz nelas para descobrir novas informa\u00e7\u00f5es. Por exemplo, podemos criar uma nova coluna que contenha a porcentagem de todos os sobreviventes em cada cidade depois de Smolensk.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">initial = minard.column('Survivors').item(0)\r\nminard = minard.with_columns(\r\n    'Percent Surviving', minard.column('Survivors')\/initial\r\n)\r\nminard<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0;border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Longitude<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Latitude<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">City Name<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Direction<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Survivors<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Percent Surviving<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">32<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Smolensk<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">145000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">33.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.9<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Dorogobouge<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">140000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">0.965517<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">34.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Chjat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">127100<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">0.876552<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">37.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Moscou<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">100000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">0.689655<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">34.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Wixma<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">0.37931<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">32<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Smolensk<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">24000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">0.165517<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">30.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Orscha<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">20000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">0.137931<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">26.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Moiodexno<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">12000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">0.0827586<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Para fazer com que as propor\u00e7\u00f5es nas novas colunas apare\u00e7am como porcentagens, podemos usar o m\u00e9todo <code>set_format<\/code> com a op\u00e7\u00e3o <code>PercentFormatter<\/code>. O m\u00e9todo <code>set_format<\/code> aceita objetos <code>Formatter<\/code>, que existem para datas (<code>DateFormatter<\/code>), moedas (<code>CurrencyFormatter<\/code>), n\u00fameros e porcentagens.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">minard.set_format('Percent Surviving', PercentFormatter)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0;border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Longitude<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Latitude<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">City Name<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Direction<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Survivors<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Percent Surviving<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">32<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Smolensk<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">145000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">100.00%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">33.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.9<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Dorogobouge<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">140000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">96.55%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">34.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Chjat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">127100<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">87.66%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">37.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Moscou<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">100000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">68.97%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">34.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Wixma<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">37.93%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">32<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Smolensk<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">24000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">16.55%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">30.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Orscha<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">20000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">13.79%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">26.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Moiodexno<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">12000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">8.28%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Escolhendo Conjuntos de Colunas<\/h2>\n<p>O m\u00e9todo <code>select<\/code> cria uma nova tabela que cont\u00e9m apenas as colunas especificadas.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">minard.select('Longitude', 'Latitude')<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0;border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Longitude<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Latitude<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">32<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">33.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">34.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">37.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">34.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">32<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">30.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">26.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>A mesma sele\u00e7\u00e3o pode ser feita usando \u00edndices de coluna em vez de r\u00f3tulos.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">minard.select(0, 1)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0;border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Longitude<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Latitude<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">32<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">33.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">34.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">37.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">34.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">32<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">30.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">26.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>O resultado do uso de <code>select<\/code> \u00e9 uma nova tabela, mesmo quando voc\u00ea seleciona apenas uma coluna.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">minard.select('Survivors')<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0;border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Survivors<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">145000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">140000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">127100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">100000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">24000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">20000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">12000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Observe que o resultado \u00e9 uma tabela, diferentemente do resultado de <code>column<\/code>, que \u00e9 um array.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">minard.column('Survivors')<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-spacing: 0;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;color: #888;padding-right: 0.5em\">Out[1]:<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\">array([145000, 140000, 127100, 100000, 55000, 24000, 20000, 12000])<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Outra maneira de criar uma nova tabela consistindo em um conjunto de colunas \u00e9 remover (<code>drop<\/code>) as colunas que voc\u00ea n\u00e3o deseja.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">minard.drop('Longitude', 'Latitude', 'Direction')<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0;border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">City Name<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Survivors<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Percent Surviving<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Smolensk<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">145000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">100.00%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Dorogobouge<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">140000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">96.55%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Chjat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">127100<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">87.66%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Moscou<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">100000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">68.97%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Wixma<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">37.93%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Smolensk<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">24000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">16.55%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Orscha<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">20000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">13.79%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Moiodexno<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">12000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">8.28%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Tanto <code>select<\/code> quanto <code>drop<\/code> n\u00e3o alteram a tabela original. Em vez disso, eles criam novas tabelas menores que compartilham os mesmos dados. O fato de a tabela original ser preservada \u00e9 \u00fatil! Voc\u00ea pode gerar v\u00e1rias tabelas diferentes que consideram apenas determinadas colunas sem se preocupar que uma an\u00e1lise afetar\u00e1 a outra.<\/p>\n<pre><code><span style=\"color: black\">minard<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<table style=\"font-family: monospace;border-collapse: collapse;width: auto;margin-left: 1em\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f0f0f0;border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd\">\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Longitude<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Latitude<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">City Name<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Direction<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Survivors<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;padding: 4px 8px\">Percent Surviving<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">32<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Smolensk<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">145000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">100.00%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">33.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.9<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Dorogobouge<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">140000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">96.55%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">34.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Chjat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">127100<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">87.66%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">37.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Moscou<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Advance<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">100000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">68.97%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">34.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Wixma<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">55000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">37.93%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">32<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Smolensk<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">24000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">16.55%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">30.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Orscha<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">20000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">13.79%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f8f8f8\">\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">26.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">54.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Moiodexno<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Retreat<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">12000<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 4px 8px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">8.28%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Todos os m\u00e9todos que usamos acima podem ser aplicados a qualquer tabela.<\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><a class=\"next-page-link\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/5-0\/5-3\/\">\u2190 Cap\u00edtulo 5.3 &#8211; Mais sobre Arrays<\/a><\/td>\n<td align=\"right\"><a class=\"next-page-link\" href=\"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/data8\/6-0\/6-1\/\">Cap\u00edtulo 6.1 &#8211; Ordenando Linhas \u2192<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!--###########################################################################################################################################################--><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"clear: both;height: 1px;margin-top: -1px\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cdndice 1. O que \u00e9 Ci\u00eancia de Dados? 1.1. Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o 1.1.1. Ferramentas Computacionais 1.1.2. T\u00e9cnicas Estat\u00edsticas 1.2. Por que Ci\u00eancia de Dados? 1.3. Tra\u00e7ando os Cl\u00e1ssicos 1.3.1. Personagens Liter\u00e1rios 1.3.2. Outro Tipo de Personagem 2. Causalidade e Experimentos 2.1. John Snow e a Bomba da Broad Street 2.2. O &#8220;Grande Experimento&#8221; de Snow 2.3. Estabelecendo [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21894,"featured_media":0,"parent":141,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/full-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"coauthors":[14],"class_list":["post-394","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/394","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21894"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=394"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/394\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":941,"href":"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/394\/revisions\/941"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/141"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=394"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/literaciadigital.ufms.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=394"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}